Abstract
The emergence of political Islam while focusing on pre- and post-partition era. In a pre-partition era, the focus is on various contributors of political Islam, like Jamal-ul- din Afghani, who through theoretical and practical means tried to reform the Muslim society of the sub-continent. Later on, Allama Iqbal and other Ulema, mainly from Deoband contributed to it. In the post-partition era, the objective resolution and the Islamization of the society for political and strategic reasons by both political and military leadership have created confusion. During the 'bureaucratic coup' era, General Ayub’s dictatorship, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s Islamic socialism, and Zia’s Islamization policies have further radicalized and confused the society. The dichotomy between Islam and modern state structure and the ambivalent attitude of the state elites to declare Islamic system in Pakistan have contributed to the violent clashes between the religious-turned militants’ organizations like Tehrik-e_x0002_Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Laskhar-e-Jhangvi (Lej) etc. and the security agencies. The rise of Muthahida Majlis-e_x0002_Amal (MMA) as a political force in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and subsequent legislation of different laws have further Islamized society.
Keyword(s)
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