Abstract
This article offers a seminal study of hitherto uncompiled poetry which is rooted in the struggle against bonded labour in Pakistan. At the theoretical level, this study attempts to engage with Muhammad Azeem’s attempt to connect Marxism to Pakistani realities, an effort we call ‘Indigenizing Marxism’ here. Azeem’s effort is probably the first of its kind which is available in print. The paper uses his insights to offer a reading of the resistance poetry of Manzoor Niazi who has used his poetic prowess to highlight the plight of labourers—children, men and women— who work under the shackles of debt bondage. The paper argues that Niazi’s poetry foresaw Azeem’s theorization as he attempted to bring together in his poetry the revolutionary socialist fervour but with a style that was inclusive of indigeneity.
Keyword(s)
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Undefined variable: pub_keywords
Filename: front/publication.php
Line Number: 77
Backtrace:
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/application/views/front/publication.php
Line: 77
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 221
Function: view
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: Invalid argument supplied for foreach()
Filename: front/publication.php
Line Number: 77
Backtrace:
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/application/views/front/publication.php
Line: 77
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 221
Function: view
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Notice
Message: Undefined variable: pub_info
Filename: front/publication.php
Line Number: 84
Backtrace:
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/application/views/front/publication.php
Line: 84
Function: _error_handler
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 221
Function: view
File: /home/prdbpk/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once