Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operations involve trans-ionospheric radio wave propagation that can be affected by space weather phenomenon like geomagnetic storms. The occurrence of these geomagnetic storms causes significant changes in the ionosphere layer; which is also the biggest source of error in GNSS positioning and timing applications. In absence of high frequency scintillation monitoring receivers, the levels of ionosphere irregularities and their evolution can be studied using common non-scintillation receivers. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using existing network of permanent GNSS stations around the globe to monitor the changes in Total Electron Content (TEC) during a geomagnetic storm. In order to depict the effect of geomagnetic storm on the ionosphere layer TEC, the transient variation of rate of TEC (ROT) and rate of TEC index (ROTI) are estimated in this research using GPS observations. The results in case of moderate and minor storms are presented in this paper and demonstrate the TEC fluctuations during quiet ionosphere as compared to geomagnetic storms. The research presented in this paper indicates the crucial threat that geomagnetic activity has for GNSS and its associated applications.
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