Abstract
This article reports on the latest data provided by the 2015 excavation campaign at the Early Historic urban site of Bīr-koṭ-ghwaṇḍai, Swat (N Pakistan). This campaign followed on from an intensive 4-year excavation phase carried out inside the SW quarter of the ancient town (2011- 2013), as well as outside the SW corner of the city wall (2014). The new campaign focused on a portion of the external area, and revealed a complex sequence of constructions, collapses and abandonment of the urban defenses of the site. The new data are compared with others from previous excavation campaigns in the same site.
Keyword(s)
Indo-Greek, urban fortifications, North-West India, Early Historic period