Abstract
Computing System is a combination of different computers and associated software which can share common memory. In cloud and distributed computing the defective infrastructure is the main issue. Fault Tolerance (FT) techniques minimize the failure effect on computing environment. This study discusses and presents a comprehensive analysis of the current FT techniques in cloud and distributed environment. A comparison and critical evaluation of common FT techniques in cloud and distributed computing is also performed. An intensive literature review was adopted to identify current FT techniques in both environments. This study contributes in a fashion by identifying that few fault tolerance techniques are common in both cloud and distributed computing .Moreover this study also pinpoints Check-pointing as the most optimal FT technique. Result shows that FT techniques are crucial for reliability and availability of data thus FT method is necessarily required to be endorsed to escort the system from failures.