Abstract
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the compounding of sensor devices (i.e. sensing unit, processing unit, communication unit and energy unit) connected through wireless medium. The applications and diversity of WSNs have greatly increased due to its deployment in environments difficult or nearly impossible for human to operate. However, owing to its limited batter power of sensors, these networks have shorter operational life span. To address this issue, various techniques are in vogue to improve network lifetime, such as clustering technique, in which a network is divided into various clusters where a single node is selected as Cluster Head (CH), where each CH sends aggregated information to a Base Station (BS). These CHs consume more energy comparatively and die earlier due to higher processing and communication load. AS a result, the performance and operational objective of the network is significantly affected. The existing approaches, such as LEACH, uses a static criterion to select a CH throughout the network lifetime, whereas the dynamics of the network changes due to many reasons. In this paper, a new CH selection technique has been proposed, where the CH selection is in accordance with the dynamic behaviour of the network. In the proposed technique, the CH selection is performed in three phases with each phase designed according to current status of the network. Each phase gets activated as soon as a defined criterion is met. The implementation and simulation results showed that our new proposed technique outperform the LEACH protocol in terms of network life span, energy consumption and throughput.